The earth is divided in various regional patterns called as biomes. Biomes have ecosystems in them. Biomes and ecosystems are shaped by the climate, altitude, latitude, and many more factors. $^4$
Ecosystems are defined by the interactions between organisms and their surroundings(also called the environment). Within an environment there are living(biotic) factors and nonliving(abiotic) factors. $^4$
Temperature, light, precipitation, soil pH are examples of abiotic factors.$^4$
The interactions in an ecosystem can be between two living organism, or a living organism and a non living organism.$^1$
Autotrophs produce their own food.
Heterotrophs consume their food.
Parasitism is an example of a relation between two living organisms. Where one organism, usually the larger one, is negatively impacted and the other, usually the smaller one, gets negatively affected. For example, ringworm and humans. Another example is the Cuscuta, which is a parasitic plant.$^1$
(Parasitism is a non mutual relationship between two organisms in which one benefits at the expense of the other.)
This is an interaction between two living organisms where one is benefited and one is unaffected. For example, orchid growing on the branches of a mango tree or barnicles on the body of a whale. In these examples, there is no affect to the mango tree or the whale, but the barnicles and the orchids get positively affected.$^1$
This interaction results in a positive impact for both animals. It is mutually beneficial for both organisms. For example, the sea anemone lives on the shell of a hermit crab. The sea anemone gets transported to new places for food, and in return protects the hermit crab using its cnidoblasts.$^1$
it is a type of interaction between members of two different species in which one member is being killed by another. The organism that kills is the predator and the organism that dies is the prey. It is nature’s way of transferring energy to a higher tropic level. Overexploitation of prey species might lead to their extinction. Therefore, the prey species have evolved various defenses to lessen the impact of predators.$^1$