Particles

Everything is made out of particles$^{1(6)}$

In solids particles are not free to move$^{1(6)}$

In gasses and liquids, particles are free to move. They move randomly.$^{1(6)}$

Kinetic Particle Theory

The kinetic particle theory is a collection of three ideas:$^{1(11)}$

• A substance can be a solid, liquid or gas. And can change from state to state.
• Each state will have different characteristics.
• Each state is different in the way the particles are arranged and move.

Diffusion

Diffusion is when particles flow from the area of more concentration to an area of less concentration, until all the particles are evenly distributed.$^{1(7)}$

Factors affecting diffusion:$^2$

• The difference in concentration. The bigger the difference in the concentration, the faster the particles will diffuse.
• The temperature. The higher temperature, the more kinetic energy the particles have, therefore moving faster and diffusion happening faster.
• The particle mass. If the particle are heavier, than it will take more energy to move them, therefore diffusion happens slower.

States of Matter

Solid

A solid has a fixed volume and shape. The particles within the solid do not move much.$^{1(8)}$

Liquid

A liquid has a fixed volume but not a fixed shape. The particles within the liquid experience random movement. It flows. It takes the shape of the container you pour it into.$^{1(8)}$